1 Samuel 30:15

Authorized King James Version

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And David said to him, Canst thou bring me down to this company? And he said, Swear unto me by God, that thou wilt neither kill me, nor deliver me into the hands of my master, and I will bring thee down to this company.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּ֡אמֶר And he said H559
וַיֹּ֡אמֶר And he said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 21
to say (used with great latitude)
אֵלָיו֙ H413
אֵלָיו֙
Strong's: H413
Word #: 2 of 21
near, with or among; often in general, to
דָּוִ֔ד And David H1732
דָּוִ֔ד And David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 3 of 21
david, the youngest son of jesse
וְאוֹרִֽדְךָ֖ and I will bring thee down H3381
וְאוֹרִֽדְךָ֖ and I will bring thee down
Strong's: H3381
Word #: 4 of 21
to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 5 of 21
near, with or among; often in general, to
הַגְּד֥וּד to this company H1416
הַגְּד֥וּד to this company
Strong's: H1416
Word #: 6 of 21
a crowd (especially of soldiers)
הַזֶּ֑ה H2088
הַזֶּ֑ה
Strong's: H2088
Word #: 7 of 21
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
וַיֹּ֡אמֶר And he said H559
וַיֹּ֡אמֶר And he said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 8 of 21
to say (used with great latitude)
הִשָּֽׁבְעָה֩ Swear H7650
הִשָּֽׁבְעָה֩ Swear
Strong's: H7650
Word #: 9 of 21
to seven oneself, i.e., swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)
לִּ֨י H0
לִּ֨י
Strong's: H0
Word #: 10 of 21
בֵֽאלֹהִ֜ים unto me by God H430
בֵֽאלֹהִ֜ים unto me by God
Strong's: H430
Word #: 11 of 21
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
וְאִם me nor H518
וְאִם me nor
Strong's: H518
Word #: 12 of 21
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
תְּמִיתֵ֗נִי that thou wilt neither kill H4191
תְּמִיתֵ֗נִי that thou wilt neither kill
Strong's: H4191
Word #: 13 of 21
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
וְאִם me nor H518
וְאִם me nor
Strong's: H518
Word #: 14 of 21
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
תַּסְגִּרֵ֙נִי֙ deliver H5462
תַּסְגִּרֵ֙נִי֙ deliver
Strong's: H5462
Word #: 15 of 21
to shut up; figuratively, to surrender
בְּיַד me into the hands H3027
בְּיַד me into the hands
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 16 of 21
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
אֲדֹנִ֔י of my master H113
אֲדֹנִ֔י of my master
Strong's: H113
Word #: 17 of 21
sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)
וְאוֹרִֽדְךָ֖ and I will bring thee down H3381
וְאוֹרִֽדְךָ֖ and I will bring thee down
Strong's: H3381
Word #: 18 of 21
to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 19 of 21
near, with or among; often in general, to
הַגְּד֥וּד to this company H1416
הַגְּד֥וּד to this company
Strong's: H1416
Word #: 20 of 21
a crowd (especially of soldiers)
הַזֶּֽה׃ H2088
הַזֶּֽה׃
Strong's: H2088
Word #: 21 of 21
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

Analysis & Commentary

David's request for guidance and the Egyptian's condition for compliance reveal mutual vulnerability. The slave, having been abandoned to die, fears being returned to his master or killed. His demand for an oath 'by God' shows he understood the binding nature of Israelite religious commitment. David's willingness to swear demonstrates his integrity; he will not exploit this vulnerable person even when urgency demands quick action. Trust must be established even in crisis.

Historical Context

Oaths invoking deity were the strongest guarantees available in ancient society. The Egyptian's knowledge that Israelites honored oaths to their God reflects cultural awareness of Israel's religious distinctives.

Questions for Reflection

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